Effect

Glucose control

Keeping blood sugar in a healthy range. In diabetes trials it's measured as HbA1c, the average blood sugar over about three months.

4 compounds in the guide

Educational only. A summary of published research, not medical advice or a recommendation. No doses are listed. Compounds are listed from the strongest evidence to the weakest. Being listed isn't a recommendation.

Related pathways

The receptors and pathways behind this effect.

Compounds

  • Semaglutide

    FDA-approved

    GLP-1 & weight-loss peptides · Large human trials

    A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that lowers blood sugar, slows stomach emptying and reduces appetite.

  • Tirzepatide

    FDA-approved

    GLP-1 & weight-loss peptides · Large human trials

    A once-weekly dual agonist of the GIP and GLP-1 receptors used for type 2 diabetes and weight management.

  • Retatrutide

    Investigational

    GLP-1 & weight-loss peptides · Large human trials

    An investigational once-weekly “triple agonist” that acts on the GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors.

  • MOTS-c

    Not approved

    Other research peptides · Mostly animal & lab studies

    A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA, first described in 2015.

Other effects